或者更准确的说,“我所知的关于的SSL的实事”。本文(以及Spring Boot应用指南)将告诉你在一些通用服务(web服务器、浏览器认证、单元和集成测试)的使用场景中,如何使用SSL证书来保证通过HTTPS与远端的连接的安全性。其间介绍了如何配置Apache HTTP服务器的双向SSL,使用Apache’sHttpClient和HttpServer进行单元测试时的SSL认证(java),以及使用运行在嵌入的Tomcat容器里的Spring Boot应用来进行REST API集成测试。
客户端向服务器认证自己有很多种方式,包括basic认证,基于form的认证和OAuth。
为了防止用户认证信息在网络上泄露,客户端与服务端的通信需要建立在HTTPS上,通过验证服务端的SSL证书来确定其身份。服务端并不需要关心客户端是谁,只需要它们有正确的身份。
通过同时在服务端和客户端启用SSL证书来获得更高的安全级别。
双向 SSL 认证(也被称为“相互认证”,或“使用客户端证书的 TLS/SSL”)是指双方通过校验彼此提供的数字证书来进行认证,以便双方都可以确认对方的身份。
术语
TLS 与 SSL
TLS 的前身是 SSL。其是一个用于在应用程序之间进行通信时保障隐私的协议。除非另有说明,本文中认为 TLS 与 SSL 是等价的。
证书(cert)
包含了提供者信息等一些额外元数据的公钥/私钥对的公钥部分。它可以被自由的提供给任何人。
私钥
一个私钥可以验证与其对应的用来对数据进行加密的证书和公钥。其决不公开提供。
证书颁发机构(CA)
一个颁发数字证书的公司。对于 SSL/TLS 证书,也有少数供应商(例如 Symantec/Versign/Thawte、Comodo、GoDaddy)的证书囊括了大多数浏览器和操作系统。它们的目的是成为一个“可信的第三方”。
证书签名请求(CSR)
用私钥生成的一个文件。一个 CSR 可以向一个 CA 发送签名请求。CA 则使用其私钥对 CSR 进行数字签名,并创建一个已签名的证书。然后浏览器可以使用 CA 提供的证书来验证新的证书是否已被 CA 批准。
X.509
用于描述证书的格式和用法的一个规范。
文件格式证书与密匙
私人安全增强性邮件(PEM)
PEM 就是使用 Base64 编码的区分编码规则(DER)。通常用于密匙与认证。
PKCS12
PKCS12 就是一个能含有多个证书与密匙的密码保护格式。
Java KeyStore (JKS)
PKCS12 的 Java 版本以及密码保护。一个 JKS 文件的条目必须有一个“alias” ,即独一无二。如果一个 alias 不是特定的,“mykey” 默认会被使用。它就像一个密匙与证书数据库。
OpenSSL
一个实现 SSL (v2/v3) 与 TLS (v1)协议的开源工具包,以及一个通用地完全版加密库。
密匙工具
管理一个加密鈅匙, X.509 证书链,以及受信任证书的 Java KeyStore。附带 JDK 的 ships
通过https://gist.github.com/jonathantneal/774e4b0b3d4d739cbc53修改
配置 Apache
切换到 root:
sudo su
在终端,启动 Apache:
apachectl start
在 web 浏览器中,访问 http://localhost。你应该看到它运行的工作状态。
为 http 配置 Apache:设置一个 80 端口的虚拟主机
在终端,编辑 Apache 配置:
vi /etc/apache2/httpd.conf
通过取消第 143 行,启用 SSL:
LoadModule ssl_module libexec/apache2/mod_ssl.so
在你的编辑器里,通过替换第 212 行来压制服务器被完全地限定域名的消息:
ServerName localhost
下一步,取消批注 160 行与499 行,支持虚拟主机。
LoadModule vhost_alias_module libexec/apache2/mod_vhost_alias.soInclude /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
取消批注第 518 行,包括 httpd-ssl.conf(监听 443 端口)
Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
在终端,重启 Apache:
apachectl restart
配置Apache: 建立一个站点
在终端, 建立Sites文件夹, 它将是很多独立Site子文件夹的父文件夹:
1 | mkdir ~/Sites |
接下来建立一个在Sites文件夹下建立localhost子文件夹,它将是我们的第一个站点:
1 | mkdir ~/Sites/localhost |
最后,在localhost内建立HTML文档:
1 | echo “<h1>localhost works</h1>” > ~/Sites/localhost/index.html |
现在,在浏览器访问http://localhost,你会看到一个消息,代表localhost已经起作用。
配置SSL
提示: 下面的密码我都用dsnaplogic
从这个链接修改而来: http://www.stefanocapitanio.com/configuring-two-way-authentication-ssl-with-apache/
在终端内,建立SSL文件夹:
1234 | mkdir /etc/apache2/sslcd /etc/apache2/sslmkdir certs private |
建立CA证书
建立一个数据库来跟踪所有签了名的证书:
12 | echo ‘100001’ > serialtouch certindex.txt |
定义一个openssl的config文件:
1 | vi openssl.cnf |
# # OpenSSL configuration file. # # Establish working directory. dir = . [ ca ] default_ca = CA_default [ CA_default ] serial = $dir/serial database = $dir/certindex.txt new_certs_dir = $dir/certs certificate = $dir/cacert.pem private_key = $dir/private/cakey.pem default_days = 365 default_md = sha512 preserve = no email_in_dn = no nameopt = default_ca certopt = default_ca policy = policy_match [ policy_match ] countryName = match stateOrProvinceName = match organizationName = match organizationalUnitName = optional commonName = supplied emailAddress = optional [ req ] default_bits = 2048 # Size of keys default_keyfile = key.pem # name of generated keys default_md = sha512 # message digest algorithm string_mask = nombstr # permitted characters distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name req_extensions = v3_req [ req_distinguished_name ] countryName = Country Name (2 letter code) countryName_default = US countryName_min = 2 countryName_max = 2 stateOrProvinceName = State or Province Name (full name) stateOrProvinceName_default = Colorado localityName = Locality Name (eg, city) localityName_default = Boulder 0.organizationName = Organization Name (eg, company) 0.organizationName_default = SnapLogic # we can do this but it is not needed normally :-) #1.organizationName = Second Organization Name (eg, company) #1.organizationName_default = World Wide Web Pty Ltd organizationalUnitName = Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) organizationalUnitName_default = SnapTeam commonName = Common Name (eg, YOUR name) commonName_max = 64 commonName_default = localhost emailAddress = Email Address emailAddress_max = 64 # SET-ex3 = SET extension number 3 [ req_attributes ] challengePassword = A challenge password challengePassword_min = 4 challengePassword_max = 20 unstructuredName = An optional company name [ req_distinguished_name ] countryName = Country Name (2 letter code) countryName_default = US countryName_min = 2 countryName_max = 2 stateOrProvinceName = State or Province Name (full name) stateOrProvinceName_default = Colorado localityName = Locality Name (eg, city) 0.organizationName = Organization Name (eg, company) 0.organizationName_default = SnapLogic # we can do this but it is not needed normally :-) #1.organizationName = Second Organization Name (eg, company) #1.organizationName_default = World Wide Web Pty Ltd organizationalUnitName = Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) organizationalUnitName_default = SnapTeam commonName = Common Name (eg, YOUR name) commonName_max = 64 commonName_default = localhost emailAddress = Email Address emailAddress_max = 64 # SET-ex3 = SET extension number 3 [ req_attributes ] challengePassword = A challenge password challengePassword_min = 4 challengePassword_max = 20 unstructuredName = An optional company name [ v3_ca ] basicConstraints = CA:TRUE subjectKeyIdentifier = hash authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer:always [ v3_req ] basicConstraints = CA:FALSE subjectKeyIdentifier = hash注意,我还将default_md设置为sha512,这样,现在的浏览器就不会报。
通过建立Root证书方式建立CA证书,这同时也会建立CA的私钥 (private/cakey.pem) 和公钥 (cacert.pem)。使用默认的localhost作为Common Name:
| root@SL-MBP-RHOWLETT.local:/private/etc/apache2/ssl | => openssl req -new -x509 -extensions v3_ca -keyout private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 365 -config ./openssl.cnf Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key ................................+++ .............................+++ writing new private key to 'private/cakey.pem' Enter PEM pass phrase: Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase: phrase is too short, needs to be at least 4 chars Enter PEM pass phrase: Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase: ----- You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [US]: State or Province Name (full name) [Colorado]: Locality Name (eg, city) [Milan]:Boulder Organization Name (eg, company) [Organization default]:SnapLogic Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) [SnapLogic]:SnapTeam Common Name (eg, YOUR name) [localhost]: Email Address []:
建立服务器证书
为服务器建立密钥和签名请求,这将会为服务器建立CSR文件 (server-req.pem) 以及服务器的私钥 (private/server-key.pem)。同样使用默认的localhost作为Common Name:
| root@SL-MBP-RHOWLETT.local:/etc/apache2/ssl | => openssl req -new -nodes -out server-req.pem -keyout private/server-key.pem -days 365 -config openssl.cnf Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key ......+++ ..................................+++ writing new private key to 'private/server-key.pem' ----- You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [US]: State or Province Name (full name) [Colorado]: Locality Name (eg, city) [Boulder]: Organization Name (eg, company) [SnapLogic]: Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) [SnapTeam]: Common Name (eg, YOUR name) [localhost]: Email Address []:
获得了CA签名和服务器的CSR之后,下面会生成服务器的共有证书 (server-cert.pem):
| root@SL-MBP-RHOWLETT.local:/etc/apache2/ssl | => openssl ca -out server-cert.pem -days 365 -config openssl.cnf -infiles server-req.pem Using configuration from openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for ./private/cakey.pem: Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok The Subject's Distinguished Name is as follows countryName :PRINTABLE:'US' stateOrProvinceName :PRINTABLE:'Colorado' localityName :PRINTABLE:'Boulder' organizationName :PRINTABLE:'SnapLogic' organizationalUnitName:PRINTABLE:'SnapTeam' commonName :PRINTABLE:'localhost' Certificate is to be certified until Oct 4 16:30:23 2016 GMT (365 days) Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y 1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y Write out database with 1 new entries Data Base Updated
生成客户端证书
每个客户端都会生成一个密钥和签名请求,我们在这里只做一次。你必须使用与服务器不同的Common Name,这里我用client。 下面会生成客户端的CSR (client-req.pem) 和其私钥 (private/client-key.pem):
| root@SL-MBP-RHOWLETT.local:/etc/apache2/ssl | => openssl req -new -nodes -out client-req.pem -keyout private/client-key.pem -days 365 -config openssl.cnf Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key ....................................................+++ ...........+++ writing new private key to 'private/client-key.pem' ----- You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [US]: State or Province Name (full name) [Colorado]: Locality Name (eg, city) [Boulder]: Organization Name (eg, company) [SnapLogic]: Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) [SnapTeam]: Common Name (eg, YOUR name) [localhost]:client Email Address []:
有了CA签名和客户端的CSR,下面会生成客户端的公有证书 (client-cert.pem):
| root@SL-MBP-RHOWLETT.local:/etc/apache2/ssl | => openssl ca -out client-cert.pem -days 365 -config openssl.cnf -infiles client-req.pem Using configuration from openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for ./private/cakey.pem: Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok The Subject's Distinguished Name is as follows countryName :PRINTABLE:'US' stateOrProvinceName :PRINTABLE:'Colorado' localityName :PRINTABLE:'Boulder' organizationName :PRINTABLE:'SnapLogic' organizationalUnitName:PRINTABLE:'SnapTeam' commonName :PRINTABLE:'client' Certificate is to be certified until Oct 4 16:40:01 2016 GMT (365 days) Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y 1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y Write out database with 1 new entries Data Base Updated
最后生成包含客户端私钥、共有证书和CA证书的的PKCS12文件。下面会生成 (以Mac为例) PKCS12文件 (client-cert.p12):
| root@SL-MBP-RHOWLETT.local:/etc/apache2/ssl | => openssl pkcs12 -export -in client-cert.pem -inkey private/client-key.pem -certfile cacert.pem -name "Client" -out client-cert.p12 Enter Export Password: Verifying - Enter Export Password:
配置Apache的HTTPS和单向SSL验证
在root下:
vi /etc/apache2/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
添加一个443端口的Virtual Host并且开启SSL:
<VirtualHost *:80> ServerName localhost DocumentRoot "/Users/rhowlett/Sites/localhost" <Directory "/Users/rhowlett/Sites/localhost"> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all Require all granted </Directory> </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443> ServerName localhost DocumentRoot "/Users/rhowlett/Sites/localhost" SSLCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:!aNULL:!MD5 SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl/server-cert.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/apache2/ssl/private/server-key.pem <Directory "/Users/rhowlett/Sites/localhost"> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all Require all granted </Directory> </VirtualHost>
重启Apache:
apachectl restart
(在Mac下) 安装CA证书到Keychain Access
在 Finder 中打开 /etc/apache2/ssl
开发 CA 证书(cacert.pem)通过双击它来安装 Keychain Access:
标记为可信任的:在你的浏览器中打开 https://localhost 地址,你就可以看到一个成功的安全连接:
为双向 SSL 认证配置 Apache
根目录:
vi /etc/apache2/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
增加 SSLVerifyClient, SSLCertificateFile,以及 SSLCACertificateFile 选项:
<VirtualHost *:80> ServerName localhost DocumentRoot "/Users/rhowlett/Sites/localhost" <Directory "/Users/rhowlett/Sites/localhost"> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all Require all granted </Directory> </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443> ServerName localhost DocumentRoot "/Users/rhowlett/Sites/localhost" SSLCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:!aNULL:!MD5 SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl/server-cert.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/apache2/ssl/private/server-key.pem SSLVerifyClient require SSLVerifyDepth 10 SSLCACertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl/cacert.pem <Directory "/Users/rhowlett/Sites/localhost"> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all Require all granted </Directory> </VirtualHost>
重启 Apache:
apachectl restart
现在,OpenSSL 能确认双向 SSL 信号交换能成功地完成:
| rhowlett@SL-MBP-RHOWLETT.local:~/Downloads | => openssl s_client -connect localhost:443 -tls1 -cert /etc/apache2/ssl/client-cert.pem -key /etc/apache2/ssl/private/client-key.pem CONNECTED(00000003) depth=1 /C=US/ST=Colorado/L=Boulder/O=SnapLogic/OU=SnapTeam/CN=localhost verify error:num=19:self signed certificate in certificate chain verify return:0 --- Certificate chain 0 s:/C=US/ST=Colorado/O=SnapLogic/OU=SnapTeam/CN=localhost i:/C=US/ST=Colorado/L=Boulder/O=SnapLogic/OU=SnapTeam/CN=localhost 1 s:/C=US/ST=Colorado/L=Boulder/O=SnapLogic/OU=SnapTeam/CN=localhost i:/C=US/ST=Colorado/L=Boulder/O=SnapLogic/OU=SnapTeam/CN=localhost --- Server certificate -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIDPjCCAiYCAxAAATANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQ0FADBtMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzERMA8G A1UECBMIQ29sb3JhZG8xEDAOBgNVBAcTB0JvdWxkZXIxEjAQBgNVBAoTCVNuYXBM b2dpYzERMA8GA1UECxMIU25hcFRlYW0xEjAQBgNVBAMTCWxvY2FsaG9zdDAeFw0x NTEwMDYxOTE1MTNaFw0xNjEwMDUxOTE1MTNaMFsxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMREwDwYD VQQIEwhDb2xvcmFkbzESMBAGA1UEChMJU25hcExvZ2ljMREwDwYDVQQLEwhTbmFw VGVhbTESMBAGA1UEAxMJbG9jYWxob3N0MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8A MIIBCgKCAQEAyvia0x0Nd4tYyvoXEYtI3s/eLIQ3wFsOJIibNy70PLhp35gScQ69 MiIrVDYqIydVbInzyY5kuhttrUIrHCIiDwa5OqEiExJ+ollY9icnrMLrEXJqvv5C /fduS5byC6StNg7xHQkYlYLUYMw8QQyCZFQVGXlxZeG6i086ffMYduFimkBAkNj5 /LkIwrOELpGnNcrOJxQEnLi8vmRI3oiCrgVc0ugrFBnoj3Tf6y3lx23fYgLbqf9c bRCS6V3eppa/x9sezv9KQ+pDYly0bwKIcvJ9xLp7qPiO+smGGvS97Ec4NAif8y6v pU92cPH32cv1p0AIDF0+GMOgVyAYZgSKQwIDAQABMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBDQUAA4IB AQBedsAvkB1yNLE2GCJWWQ19qEKOIBYCRQc2z29PgF/LAz5GVOIw/ZiN37C2vTob jk1NnqfOx5aipQ5Pe5D2yfbarDl0kaqRn9MhBySi+oi3AgUZ5yL0x/nGF9O8jszJ OM1FUC6qXKic5pR0qTrdXigONlKb0Au+l3z5dFMiqnNmDrNlI8kW1OXrwy/jvyPv H1bHWAKYFTvHi2v7A0B96V1VvFBLbuQztckPQ3VpFDOwWhWLr2D90vxFd1Ea0SCi 3bysz4ax9XP0bmXJY+968nV31qQJMkk5/3rE5PWVZibsniccfdujgSQYl+yNA3sB F5h6mCR6pAONZFo6+U3zARSb -----END CERTIFICATE----- subject=/C=US/ST=Colorado/O=SnapLogic/OU=SnapTeam/CN=localhost issuer=/C=US/ST=Colorado/L=Boulder/O=SnapLogic/OU=SnapTeam/CN=localhost --- Acceptable client certificate CA names /C=US/ST=Colorado/L=Boulder/O=SnapLogic/OU=SnapTeam/CN=localhost --- SSL handshake has read 4004 bytes and written 1539 bytes --- New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Server public key is 2048 bit Secure Renegotiation IS supported Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE SSL-Session: Protocol : TLSv1 Cipher : DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Session-ID: A1D9CE5273963BCF70503B499D7714ECE2B628CEE59CE554615743ACEEA8E281 Session-ID-ctx: Master-Key: 0920CEE1491E9A116B2DF959430890D449D49DA990A178C0AC980DD5AF359B7E1CDD4B2D8237C8F81BAE186BC06E7BB0 Key-Arg : None TLS session ticket: 0000 - 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Start Time: 1444189099 Timeout : 7200 (sec) Verify return code: 0 (ok) --- closed
(Mac)在 Keychain Access 中安装客户端 PKCS12 文件
在 Finder 中打开 /etc/apache2/ssl,通过双击客户端 PKCS12 文件(client-cert.p12)来安装Keychain Access:
在你的浏览器中打开 https://localhost 地址,当提示时,选择客户端证书:
那时,你应该再一次看到一个安全的连接:
cURL 也将运行:
| => curl -v --cert /etc/apache2/ssl/client-cert.p12:snaplogic https://localhost * Rebuilt URL to: https://localhost/ * Trying ::1... * Connected to localhost (::1) port 443 (#0) * WARNING: SSL: Certificate type not set, assuming PKCS#12 format. * Client certificate: client
| => curl -v --cert /etc/apache2/ssl/client-cert.p12:snaplogic https://localhost * Rebuilt URL to: https://localhost/ * Trying ::1... * Connected to localhost (::1) port 443 (#0) * WARNING: SSL: Certificate type not set, assuming PKCS#12 format. * Client certificate: client * TLS 1.0 connection using TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA * Server certificate: localhost * Server certificate: localhost > GET / HTTP/1.1 > Host: localhost > User-Agent: curl/7.43.0 > Accept: */* > < HTTP/1.1 200 OK < Date: Tue, 05 Jan 2016 23:16:29 GMT < Server: Apache/2.4.16 (Unix) PHP/5.5.29 OpenSSL/0.9.8zg < Last-Modified: Fri, 02 Oct 2015 18:34:41 GMT < ETag: "19-521236aaf5240" < Accept-Ranges: bytes < Content-Length: 25 < Content-Type: text/html < <h1>localhost works</h1> * Connection #0 to host localhost left intact
使用 Apache 的 HttpClient 和 HttpServer 进行单元测试 SSL 认证
Apache 的 HttpComponents 提供 HttpClient,“一个有效的,最新的,以及实现最近的客户端 http 标准与建议的丰富多样的包”
它也提供 HttpCore,其中包括一个嵌入式的 HttpServer,可用于单元测试。
通过本地测试 HttpServer 实例来创建以上的:从公众的 server-cert.pem,私人的 server-key.pem,以及 CA 证书 cacert.pem 来生成 PKCS12 (.p12) 文件:
| rhowlett@SL-MBP-RHOWLETT.local:~/dev/robinhowlett/github/everything-ssl/src/main/resources/ssl | => openssl pkcs12 -export -in /etc/apache2/ssl/server-cert.pem -inkey /etc/apache2/ssl/private/server-key.pem -certfile /etc/apache2/ssl/cacert.pem -name "Server" -out server-cert.p12 Enter Export Password: Verifying - Enter Export Password:
如果你看到 unable to write 'random state',运行 sudo rm ~/.rnd,再试一次
Java 有它自己所谓的 Java KeyStore (JKS)PKCS12 版本。也就是密码保护。在 JKS 条目文件中,必须有一个“alias” ,意即独一无二。如果
一个 alias 不是被指定,那么“mykey”会被默认使用。它就像一个数据库组与钥匙。
对于在 REST SSL 账号设置中的两个“KeyStore”与“TrustStore” 字段,我们将使用 JKS 文件。它们之间的差异原因是因为术语。KeyStores 提供凭证,TrustStores 验证凭证。
客户端使用存贮在 TrustStores 之中的证书来验证服务器身份。他们将呈现存储在 KeyStores 之中的证书,以此让服务器来请求他们。
使用所谓一个 Keytool 工具的 JDK ships。它管理一个 JKS 的加密密匙,X.509 证书链接,以及可信任的证书。
从 PKCS12 文件中创建服务器的 KeyStore:
| rhowlett@SL-MBP-RHOWLETT.local:~/dev/robinhowlett/github/everything-ssl/src/main/resources/ssl | => keytool -importkeystore -deststorepass snaplogic -destkeypass snaplogic -destkeystore server_keystore.jks -srckeystore server-cert.p12 -srcstoretype PKCS12 -srcstorepass snaplogic -alias server
查看服务器 keystore 以确认它现在包含了服务器证书:
| rhowlett@SL-MBP-RHOWLETT.local:~/dev/robinhowlett/github/everything-ssl/src/main/resources/ssl | => keytool -list -v -keystore server_keystore.jks Enter keystore password: Keystore type: JKS Keystore provider: SUN Your keystore contains 1 entry Alias name: server Creation date: Jan 4, 2016 Entry type: PrivateKeyEntry Certificate chain length: 2 Certificate[1]: Owner: CN=localhost, OU=SnapTeam, O=SnapLogic, ST=Colorado, C=US Issuer: CN=localhost, OU=SnapTeam, O=SnapLogic, L=Boulder, ST=Colorado, C=US Serial number: 100001 Valid from: Tue Oct 06 13:15:13 MDT 2015 until: Wed Oct 05 13:15:13 MDT 2016 Certificate fingerprints: MD5: 62:83:6B:84:1B:CB:DE:26:CA:E0:9D:E8:04:84:B6:C1 SHA1: AD:D4:27:FF:9A:68:77:25:95:C3:A2:BE:F6:22:AD:82:5C:2B:AF:EB SHA256: 8D:8D:EA:E5:7C:7A:E9:42:C9:9E:71:2A:76:C7:BE:BE:34:CC:4A:CC:83:ED:FE:C8:8E:C6:06:D2:D8:89:59:4A Signature algorithm name: SHA512withRSA Version: 1 Certificate[2]: Owner: CN=localhost, OU=SnapTeam, O=SnapLogic, L=Boulder, ST=Colorado, C=US Issuer: CN=localhost, OU=SnapTeam, O=SnapLogic, L=Boulder, ST=Colorado, C=US Serial number: e4e00ed07233a969 Valid from: Tue Oct 06 13:14:51 MDT 2015 until: Wed Oct 05 13:14:51 MDT 2016 Certificate fingerprints: MD5: F3:5E:28:E4:28:47:F2:EC:82:E2:BD:16:31:DC:90:02 SHA1: 6F:0F:49:BA:A9:30:01:E9:4C:60:B3:A1:85:7D:BB:C6:79:1F:41:7B SHA256: A7:9D:25:E4:A6:34:8A:A3:5B:9A:CD:F3:62:D0:D8:2F:6A:A0:71:6A:6D:19:F3:04:A1:FD:BC:FB:21:40:DE:A1 Signature algorithm name: SHA512withRSA Version: 3 Extensions: #1: ObjectId: 2.5.29.35 Criticality=false AuthorityKeyIdentifier [ KeyIdentifier [ 0000: 03 09 12 6E 8B DD 7A 80 FB F5 21 AB 75 D9 B8 49 ...n..z...!.u..I 0010: 79 5B 61 1F y[a. ] [CN=localhost, OU=SnapTeam, O=SnapLogic, L=Boulder, ST=Colorado, C=US] SerialNumber: [ e4e00ed0 7233a969] ] #2: ObjectId: 2.5.29.19 Criticality=false BasicConstraints:[ CA:true PathLen:2147483647 ] #3: ObjectId: 2.5.29.14 Criticality=false SubjectKeyIdentifier [ KeyIdentifier [ 0000: 03 09 12 6E 8B DD 7A 80 FB F5 21 AB 75 D9 B8 49 ...n..z...!.u..I 0010: 79 5B 61 1F y[a. ] ] ******************************************* *******************************************
创建客户端的 truststore 并导入服务器公共证书:
| rhowlett@SL-MBP-RHOWLETT.local:~/dev/robinhowlett/github/everything-ssl/src/main/resources/ssl | => keytool -import -v -trustcacerts -keystore client_truststore.jks -storepass snaplogic -alias server -file /etc/apache2/ssl/server-cert.pem Owner: CN=localhost, OU=SnapTeam, O=SnapLogic, ST=Colorado, C=US Issuer: CN=localhost, OU=SnapTeam, O=SnapLogic, L=Boulder, ST=Colorado, C=US Serial number: 100001 Valid from: Tue Oct 06 13:15:13 MDT 2015 until: Wed Oct 05 13:15:13 MDT 2016 Certificate fingerprints: MD5: 62:83:6B:84:1B:CB:DE:26:CA:E0:9D:E8:04:84:B6:C1 SHA1: AD:D4:27:FF:9A:68:77:25:95:C3:A2:BE:F6:22:AD:82:5C:2B:AF:EB SHA256: 8D:8D:EA:E5:7C:7A:E9:42:C9:9E:71:2A:76:C7:BE:BE:34:CC:4A:CC:83:ED:FE:C8:8E:C6:06:D2:D8:89:59:4A Signature algorithm name: SHA512withRSA Version: 1 Trust this certificate? [no]: yes Certificate was added to keystore [Storing client_truststore.jks]
查看客户端 truststore 以确认它现在包含了服务器证书:
| rhowlett@SL-MBP-RHOWLETT.local:~/dev/robinhowlett/github/everything-ssl/src/main/resources/ssl | => keytool -list -v -keystore client_truststore.jks Enter keystore password: Keystore type: JKS Keystore provider: SUN Your keystore contains 1 entry Alias name: server Creation date: Jan 4, 2016 Entry type: trustedCertEntry Owner: CN=localhost, OU=SnapTeam, O=SnapLogic, ST=Colorado, C=US Issuer: CN=localhost, OU=SnapTeam, O=SnapLogic, L=Boulder, ST=Colorado, C=US Serial number: 100001 Valid from: Tue Oct 06 13:15:13 MDT 2015 until: Wed Oct 05 13:15:13 MDT 2016 Certificate fingerprints: MD5: 62:83:6B:84:1B:CB:DE:26:CA:E0:9D:E8:04:84:B6:C1 SHA1: AD:D4:27:FF:9A:68:77:25:95:C3:A2:BE:F6:22:AD:82:5C:2B:AF:EB SHA256: 8D:8D:EA:E5:7C:7A:E9:42:C9:9E:71:2A:76:C7:BE:BE:34:CC:4A:CC:83:ED:FE:C8:8E:C6:06:D2:D8:89:59:4A Signature algorithm name: SHA512withRSA Version: 1 ******************************************* *******************************************
单向 SSL
此时此刻,我们必须通过本地测试的 HttpServer 实例来足够地证明单向 SSL。createLocalTestServer 方法使用一个(选项)sslContext(null仅仅意味着http)以及一个boolean
“forceSSLAuth”表明是否请求客户端证书来实例化一个嵌入式的 HttpServer 实例:
123456789101112 | protected HttpServer createLocalTestServer(SSLContext sslContext, boolean forceSSLAuth) throws UnknownHostException { final HttpServer server = ServerBootstrap.bootstrap() .setLocalAddress(Inet4Address.getByName("localhost")) .setSslContext(sslContext) .setSslSetupHandler(socket -> socket.setNeedClientAuth(forceSSLAuth)) .registerHandler |
getStore 方法从类路径加载 jks 文件,以及 getKeyManagers 与 getTrustManagers 方法,把那个存储转变成各自的用于初始化一个 SSLContext 的 Key- o 或者 TrustManager 数组:
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444
创建 SSLContext 以及像这样初始化:
12345678910111213141516 | /Create an SSLContext for the server using the server's |
以下的单元测试显示了对本地测试 HttpServer 实例做了一个 HTTPS 请求,以及使用客户端 truststore 来验证服务器公开证书:
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445
在 everything-ssl GitHub project,以上的单元测试中,连同以下的(当 SSL 信号交换失败时,当绕过服务器证书验证时,以及难看的上下文等等时,你可以看到该行为有利。
execute_WithNoScheme_ThrowsClientProtocolExceptionInvalidHostname
httpRequest_Returns200OK
httpsRequest_WithNoSSLContext_ThrowsSSLExceptionPlaintextConnection
httpsRequest_With1WaySSLAndValidatingCertsButNoClientTrustStore_ThrowsSSLException
httpsRequest_With1WaySSLAndTrustingAllCertsButNoClientTrustStore_Returns200OK
httpsRequest_With1WaySSLAndValidatingCertsAndClientTrustStore_Returns200OK
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