Schema.org - 在 HTML 中表示网站的信息模型

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Schema.org 是一项社区协作活动，其使命是“创建、维护和促进 Internet、网页、电子邮件消息等互联网应用的结构化数据的词汇表”，旨在帮助实现“语义网”的长期愿景。网站管理员使用此共享词汇表来构建其网站上的元数据，并帮助搜索引擎理解已发布的内容，这种技术称为搜索引擎优化。

Schema.org 词汇表由 Google, Microsoft, Yahoo 和 Yandex 共同创建，因此包括 Google, Bing, Yahoo! 和 Yandex 在内的搜索引擎都会依据这些标记来优化搜索结果，让人们更容易找到正确的网页。

Schema.org 基于 RDF，有许多针对 RDF 的语法格式。后来开发者实现了在 HTML 中表示 RDF，因此为了提供灵活性，Schema.org 支持 3 种不同的表示选项：Microdata、RDFa Lite 和 JSON-LD。

示例

RDFa

<main vocab="http://schema.org/" typeof="Organization">
          <h1 property="name">Geo Book Club</h1>
          <div property="member" typeof="Person" resource="ang">
          Founding member <span property="name">Alice Ng</span> welcomes you! 
          </div>
 
          <div property="event" typeof="Event" resource="GBC_mtg_2">
            Please join us for our next meeting where we shall discuss the novel
            <span property="about" typeof="Book">
              <u property="name">Things Fall Apart</u> by
              <a property="author" typeof="Person" href="http://enwp.org/Chinua_Achebe">
                <span property="name">Chinua Achebe</span>
              </a> (ISBN: <span property="isbn">9780393932195</span>)
            </span>
            <img property="image" src="TFA_cover.jpg">
          </div>
 
          We hope you've been able to attend our past meetings
          <ul>
            <li property="event" typeof="Event" resource="GBC_mtg_1">
              …
            </li>
          </ul>
 
          </main>

Microdata

<main itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">
<h1 itemprop="name">Geo Book Club</h1>
<div itemscope itemprop="member" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" id="ang">
Founding member <span itemprop="name">Alice Ng</span> welcomes you! 
</div>
 
<div itemprop="event" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Event" id="GBC_mtg_2">
  Please join us for our next meeting where we shall discuss the novel
  <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Book">
    <u itemprop="name">Things Fall Apart</u> by
    <a itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" href="http://enwp.org/Chinua_Achebe">
      <span itemprop="name">Chinua Achebe</span>
    </a> (ISBN: <span itemprop="isbn">9780393932195</span>)
  </span>
  <img itemprop="image" src="TFA_cover.jpg">
</div>
 
We hope you've been able to attend our past meetings
<ul>
  <li itemprop="event" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Event" id="GBC_mtg_1">
    …
  </li>
</ul>
 
</main>

JSON-LD

<script type="application/ld+json">
{
  "@context" : "http://schema.org",
  "@type" : "Organization",
  "name" : "Geo Book Club",
  "member" : [{
    "@type" : "Person",
    "@id" : "ang",
    "name" : "Alice Ng"
    }],
  "event" : [{
    "@type" :"Event",
    "@id" : "GBC_mtg_2",
    "about" : {
      "@type" :"Book",
      "name" : "Things Fall Apart",
      "isbn" : "9780393932195",
      "author" : {
        "@id" : "http://enwp.org/Chinua_Achebe",
        "@type" : "Person",
        "name" : "Chinua Achebe"
      },
      "image" : {
        "@id" : "TFA_cover.jpg"
      }
    }
  },{
    "@type" : "Event",
    "@id" : "GBC_mtg_1"
  }]
}
</script>